Working Paper: NBER ID: w9119
Authors: Wayne B. Gray; John M. Mendeloff
Abstract: This study compares the impact of OSHA inspections on manufacturing industries using data from three time periods: 1979-85, 1987-91, and 1992-98. We find substantial declines in the impact of OSHA inspections since 1979-85. In the earliest period we estimate that having an OSHA inspection that imposed a penalty reduces injuries by about 15%; in the later periods it falls to 8% in 1987-91 and to 1% (and statistically insignificant) in 1992-98. Testing for different effects by inspection type, employment size, and industry, we find differences across size classes, but these cannot explain the overall decline. In fact, we find reductions in OSHA's impact over time for nearly all subgroups we examine, so shifts across subgroups cannot explain the whole decline. We examine various other hypotheses concerning the declining impact, but in the end we are not able to provide a clear explanation for the decline.
Keywords: OSHA; inspections; manufacturing injuries
JEL Codes: J28
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| OSHA inspections with penalties (K32) | reduction in workplace injuries (J28) |
| OSHA inspections with penalties (K32) | reduction in workplace injuries (1987-91) (J28) |
| OSHA inspections with penalties (K32) | reduction in workplace injuries (1992-98) (J28) |
| size of establishments or industry type (L25) | relationship between OSHA inspections and injury rates (J28) |