Working Paper: NBER ID: w8560
Authors: Robert Kaestner; Neeraj Kaushal; Gregg Van Ryzin
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate whether or not recent state and federal changes in welfare policy -- the imposition of time-limited benefits, the use of financial sanctions for non-compliance, and the setting of strict work eligibility rules -- affect the migration of low-educated unmarried women. Estimates of welfare's effect on migration reveal that welfare policy does indeed affect migration. Recent changes in policy that have made public assistance a less attractive alternative are associated with greater migration among low-educated unmarried women. Welfare reform has motivated low-educated women to move greater distances more frequently, and to combine such moves with employment. Estimates also indicate that welfare reform is associated with more local (i.e., within county) changes in residential location that are associated with employment, although estimates of this effect were not robust to estimation method. The close link between residential moves and employment in the post-reform period is consistent with the idea that welfare reform has motivated people to move for economic reasons such as better employment opportunities. This evidence suggests that the traditional way of thinking about the effect of welfare on migration -- as a strategic move to obtain higher benefits -- is inadequate.
Keywords: No keywords provided
JEL Codes: J6
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Welfare policy changes (I38) | Migration behavior (F22) |
| Welfare policy changes (I38) | Frequency of migration (F22) |
| Welfare policy changes (I38) | Longer distances moved (J62) |
| Welfare reform (I38) | Local changes in residential location (R23) |
| Migration behavior (F22) | Economic motivations (P19) |