Working Paper: NBER ID: w31339
Authors: Natasha V. Pilkauskas; Katherine Michelmore; Nicole Kovski
Abstract: Access to safe and stable housing is important for child and adult wellbeing. Yet many low-income households face severe challenges in maintaining stable housing. In this paper we examine the impact of the 2021 temporary expansion to the Child Tax Credit (CTC) on the living arrangements and housing affordability of families with low incomes. We employ a parameterized difference-in-differences method and use national data from a sample of parents who are receiving, or recently received, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits (N~20,500). We find that the monthly CTC is associated with a higher likelihood that parents reported a change in their living arrangements as well as reduced household size, an effect largely driven by fewer mothers living with a partner (and not a reduction in doubling up). We also find that the credit reduced parents’ likelihood of reporting potential moves due to difficulties affording rent/mortgages as well as the amount and incidence of back-owed rent/mortgages. We find some differences in effects by race and ethnicity and income. Our findings illustrate how the monthly credit allowed parents to gain residential independence from partners, reduce the number of people residing in their household, and reduce their past-due rent/mortgage.
Keywords: No keywords provided
JEL Codes: H20; J10; J12; J18
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| monthly CTC (J33) | higher likelihood of families reporting changes in their living arrangements (J12) |
| monthly CTC (J33) | reduction in the number of mothers living with a partner (J12) |
| monthly CTC (J33) | reduced likelihood of parents reporting potential moves due to difficulties affording rent or mortgages (R21) |
| monthly CTC (J33) | reduced incidence and amount of backowed rent or mortgages (R21) |
| monthly CTC (J33) | improved housing stability (R21) |
| monthly CTC (J33) | reduced crowding (R23) |