Working Paper: NBER ID: w31189
Authors: John L. Voorheis; Jonathan M. Colmer; Kendall A. Houghton; Eva Lyubich; Mary Munro; Cameron Scalera; Jennifer R. Withrow
Abstract: The natural environment is central to all aspects of life, but efforts to quantify its influence have been hindered by data availability and measurement constraints. To mitigate some of these challenges, we introduce a new prototype of a microdata infrastructure: the Census Environmental Impacts Frame (EIF). The EIF provides detailed individual-level information on demographics, economic characteristics, and address-level histories – linked to spatially and temporally resolved estimates of environmental conditions for each individual – for almost every resident in the United States over the past two decades. This linked microdata infrastructure provides a unique platform for advancing our understanding about the distribution of environmental amenities and hazards, when, how, and why exposures have evolved over time, and the consequences of environmental inequality and changing environmental conditions. We describe the construction of the EIF, explore issues of coverage and data quality, document patterns and trends in individual exposure to two correlated but distinct air pollutants as an application of the EIF, and discuss implications and opportunities for future research.
Keywords: Environmental impacts; Microdata infrastructure; Environmental inequality; Census data
JEL Codes: Q53; Q54
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| EIF (F33) | Individual health (I19) |
| EIF (F33) | Individual productivity (O49) |
| Socio-economic factors (P23) | Environmental exposure (I19) |
| Socio-economic status (P36) | Environmental exposure (I19) |
| Individual characteristics (C29) | Responses to environmental exposures (Q52) |