Working Paper: NBER ID: w30741
Authors: Gaurav Chiplunkar; Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg
Abstract: We examine the employment effects of 3G mobile internet expansion in developing countries. We find that 3G significantly increases the labor force participation rate of women and the employment rates of both men and women. Our results suggest that 3G affects the type of jobs and there is a distinct gender dimension to these effects. Men transition away from unpaid agricultural work into operating small agricultural enterprises, while women take more unpaid jobs, especially in agriculture, and operate more small businesses in all sectors. Both men and women are more likely to work in wage jobs in the service sector.
Keywords: No keywords provided
JEL Codes: J21; J62; O30; O50
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| 3G internet expansion (L96) | female labor force participation rate (J21) |
| 3G internet expansion (L96) | employment rates for both genders (J21) |
| 3G internet expansion (L96) | transition from unpaid agricultural work to small agricultural enterprises for men (J43) |
| 3G internet expansion (L96) | increase in unpaid jobs in agriculture for women (J43) |
| 3G internet expansion (L96) | increase in ownership of small businesses for women (N82) |
| 3G internet expansion (L96) | likelihood of working in wage jobs within the service sector for both genders (J21) |
| 3G internet expansion (L96) | structural transformation away from agriculture toward manufacturing and services (O14) |