Working Paper: NBER ID: w29132
Authors: Nancy Luke; Kaivan Munshi; Anu Oommen; Swapnil Singh
Abstract: This research provides a single explanation for: (i) the persistence of malnutrition and (ii) the increased prevalence of metabolic disease (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease) among normal weight individuals with economic development. Our model is based on a set point for BMI or bodyweight that is adapted to conditions of scarcity in the pre-modern economy, but which subsequently fails to adjust to rapid economic change. During the process of development, some individuals thus remain at their low-BMI set point, despite the increase in their consumption, while others who have escaped the nutrition trap (but are not necessarily overweight) are at increased risk of metabolic disease. The model and the underlying biological mechanism, which are validated with micro-data from India, Indonesia and Ghana can jointly explain inter-regional (Asia-Africa) differences in nutritional status and the prevalence of diabetes.
Keywords: No keywords provided
JEL Codes: I15; O20
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| income (E25) | nutritional status (I31) |
| nutritional status (I31) | metabolic disease (I12) |
| income threshold (I32) | nutritional status (I31) |
| income threshold (I32) | metabolic disease (I12) |
| BMI set point (C46) | metabolic disease (I12) |
| economic development (O29) | metabolic disease (I12) |