Working Paper: NBER ID: w27827
Authors: Nick Obradovich; Mer Zak; Ignacio Martín; Ignacio Ortúñez; Edmond Awad; Manuel Cebrián; Rubén Cuevas; Klaus Desmet; Iyad Rahwan; Ángel Cuevas
Abstract: Culture has played a pivotal role in human evolution. Yet, the ability of social scientists to study culture is limited by the currently available measurement instruments. Scholars of culture must regularly choose between scalable but sparse survey-based methods or restricted but rich ethnographic methods. Here, we demonstrate that massive online social networks can advance the study of human culture by providing quantitative, scalable, and high-resolution measurement of behaviorally revealed cultural values and preferences. We employ publicly available data across nearly 60,000 topic dimensions drawn from two billion Facebook users across 225 countries and territories. We first validate that cultural distances calculated from this measurement instrument correspond to traditional survey-based and objective measures of cross-national cultural differences. We then demonstrate that this expanded measure enables rich insight into the cultural landscape globally at previously impossible resolution. We analyze the importance of national borders in shaping culture, explore unique cultural markers that identify subnational population groups, and compare subnational divisiveness to gender divisiveness across countries. The global collection of massive data on human behavior provides a high-dimensional complement to traditional cultural metrics. Further, the granularity of the measure presents enormous promise to advance scholars' understanding of additional fundamental questions in the social sciences. The measure enables detailed investigation into the geopolitical stability of countries, social cleavages within both small and large-scale human groups, the integration of migrant populations, and the disaffection of certain population groups from the political process, among myriad other potential future applications.
Keywords: Culture; Social Networks; Measurement; Facebook; Cultural Values
JEL Codes: C80; J10; J16; O10; R10; Z10
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Facebook data (Y10) | high-resolution measurement of cultural values and preferences (D79) |
| cultural distances calculated from Facebook data (Z13) | traditional measures of cross-national cultural differences (F01) |
| Facebook measure (Y10) | important components of traditional cultural metrics (Z13) |
| subnational regions (R50) | greater cultural similarity to one another (Z13) |
| subnational regions (R50) | lesser cultural similarity to regions in neighboring countries (Z19) |
| cultural measurements (Z10) | insights into geopolitical stability and social cleavages (O17) |