Working Paper: NBER ID: w27235
Authors: Thuy D. Nguyen; Sumedha Gupta; Martin Andersen; Ana Bento; Kosali I. Simon; Coady Wing
Abstract: This study quantifies the effect of state reopening policies on daily mobility, travel, and mixing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. We harness cell device signal data to examine the effects of the timing and pace of reopening plans in different states. We quantify the increase in mobility patterns during the reopening phase by a broad range of cell-device-based metrics. Soon (four days) after reopening, we observe a 6% to 8% mobility increase. In addition, we find that temperature and precipitation are strongly associated with increased mobility across counties. The mobility measures that reflect visits to a greater variety of locations responds the most to reopening policies, while total time in vs. outside the house remains unchanged. The largest increases in mobility occur in states that were late adopters of closure measures, suggesting that closure policies may have represented more of a binding constraint in those states. Together, these four observations provide an assessment of the extent to which people in the U.S. are resuming movement and physical proximity as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.
Keywords: COVID-19; mobility; reopening policies; human behavior
JEL Codes: I1
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Reopening policies (J68) | Increase in mobility levels (J62) |
| Closure policies (J65) | Binding constraint on behavior (D10) |
| 4-degree Celsius increase in temperature (Q54) | Increase in mobility (J62) |
| Reopening policies (J68) | Variations in mobility by county (J62) |