Working Paper: NBER ID: w27080
Authors: Petra Moser
Abstract: Feeding the world’s growing population is one of the most critical policy challenges for the 21st century. With tightening constraints on water, arable land, and other natural resources, agricultural innovation is quickly becoming the most promising path meet the nutrient needs for future generations. At the same time, the increasing variability in the world’s climate intensifies the need for developing new crops that can tolerate extreme weather. Despite the urgency of this task, there is an active discussion on the returns to public and private spending in agricultural R&D, and many of the world’s wealthier countries have scaled back their share of GDP devoted to agricultural R&D. Dwindling public support leaves universities, which, historically, have been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly dependent on funding from industry, with uncertain effects on agricultural research. All of these factors create an urgent need for systematic empirical evidence on the forces that drive research and innovation in agriculture. This book aims to provides such evidence through economic analyses of the sources of agricultural innovation, the challenges of measuring productivity, the role of universities and their interactions with industry, and emerging mechanisms to fund agricultural R&D.
Keywords: No keywords provided
JEL Codes: N50; O32; O33; Q16; Q18; Q24; Q25; Q54; Q55
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Shift from public to private agricultural R&D funding (O38) | Effectiveness of agricultural innovation (Q55) |
| Declining returns to agricultural R&D (Q16) | Productivity growth (O49) |
| Knowledge spillovers from non-agricultural sectors (O36) | Agricultural innovation (Q16) |
| Assortative matching between high-value cows and bulls (C78) | Productivity gains in dairy industry (O49) |
| Establishment of land grant colleges (I28) | Patenting rates (O34) |