Working Paper: NBER ID: w26775
Authors: Michael Kremer; Jonathan D. Levin; Christopher M. Snyder
Abstract: Ten years ago, donors committed $1.5 billion to a pilot Advance Market Commitment (AMC) to help purchase pneumococcal vaccine for low-income countries. The AMC aimed to encourage the development of such vaccines, ensure distribution to children in low-income countries, and pilot the AMC mechanism for possible future use. Three vaccines have been developed and more than 150 million children immunized, saving an estimated 700,000 lives. This paper reviews the economic logic behind AMCs, the experience with the pilot, and key issues for future AMCs.
Keywords: Advance Market Commitments; Vaccines; Pneumococcal Vaccine; Health Economics
JEL Codes: I15; L65; O38
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| AMC implementation (C68) | Number of vaccines developed (I15) |
| AMC implementation (C68) | Number of vaccines distributed (C46) |
| Number of vaccines developed (I15) | Lives saved (J17) |
| AMC implementation (C68) | R&D investment (O32) |
| AMC implementation (C68) | Vaccine coverage rates (I10) |
| AMC implementation (C68) | Faster vaccine coverage in Gavi countries (O57) |
| Faster vaccine coverage in Gavi countries (O57) | Fewer children immunized (I19) |
| Fewer children immunized (I19) | Loss of DALYs (J17) |