Working Paper: NBER ID: w26242
Authors: Donna K. Ginther; Astrid L. Grasdal; Robert A. Pollak
Abstract: Fathers' multiple-partner fertility (MPF) is associated with substantially worse educational outcomes for children. We focus on children in fathers’ “second families” when the second families are nuclear families – households consisting of a man, a woman, their joint children, and no other children. We analyze outcomes for almost 75,000 Norwegian children all of whom, at least until they were age 18, lived in nuclear families. Children with MPF fathers are more likely than other children from nuclear families to drop out of secondary school (24% vs 17%) and less likely to obtain bachelor’s degrees (44% vs 51%). These gaps remain substantial after controlling for child and parental characteristics such as income and wealth, education and age: 4 percentage points (ppt) for dropping out of secondary school and 5 ppt for obtaining a bachelor’s degree. Resource competition with the children in the father’s first family does not explain the differences in educational outcomes. We find that the association between a father’s previous childless marriage and his children’s educational outcomes is similar to the association between a father’s MPF and his children’s educational outcomes. This similarity suggests that selection plays the primary role in explaining the association between fathers' MPF and children's educational outcomes.
Keywords: multiple-partner fertility; educational outcomes; family structure
JEL Codes: I21; J12; J13
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Fathers' MPF (J12) | Educational outcomes (I21) |
| Previous childless marriage (J12) | Educational outcomes (I21) |
| Fathers' MPF (J12) | Resource competition (Q34) |
| Fathers' MPF (J12) | Later birth hypothesis (J19) |
| Fathers' MPF (J12) | Increased dropout rates (I21) |
| Fathers' MPF (J12) | Lower educational attainment (I24) |