Working Paper: NBER ID: w25923
Authors: Matthias Kehrig; Nicolas Vincent
Abstract: We document that most dispersion in marginal revenue products of inputs occurs across plants within firms rather than between firms. This is commonly thought to reflect misallocation: dispersion is “bad.” However, we show that eliminating frictions hampering internal capital markets in a multi-plant firm model may in fact increase productivity dispersion and raise output: dispersion can be “good.” This arises as firms optimally stagger investment activity across their plants over time to avoid raising costly external finance, instead relying on reallocating internal funds. The staggering in turn generates dispersion in marginal revenue products. We use U.S. Census data on multi-plant manufacturing firms to provide empirical evidence for the model mechanism and show a quantitatively important role for good dispersion. Since there is less scope for good dispersion in emerging economies, the difference in the degree of misallocation between emerging and developed economies looks more pronounced than previously thought.
Keywords: Productivity Dispersion; Resource Allocation; Multiplant Firms; Internal Capital Markets
JEL Codes: E2; G3; L2; O4
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| relaxing frictions (F29) | increased dispersion of marginal revenue products of capital (D29) |
| increased dispersion of marginal revenue products of capital (D29) | improved resource allocation (D61) |
| relaxing frictions (F29) | better overall productivity and output (E23) |
| staggering investment spikes across plants (E22) | higher within-firm dispersion (D29) |
| eliminating constraints (D10) | increased dispersion of marginal products (D29) |
| higher dispersion (C46) | not necessarily indicative of misallocation (D61) |
| resource allocation within firms (D22) | beneficial effects (Q51) |