Working Paper: NBER ID: w25748
Authors: Matthew Backus
Abstract: The correlation between productivity and competition is an oft–observed but ill–understood result. Some suggest that there is a treatment effect of competition on measured productivity, e.g. through a reduction of managerial slack. Others argue that greater competition makes unproductive establishments exit by reallocating demand to their productive rivals, raising observed average productivity via selection. I study the ready-mix concrete industry and offer three perspectives on this ambivalence. First, using a standard decomposition approach, I find no evidence of greater reallocation of demand to productive plants in more competitive markets. Second, I model the establishment exit decision and construct a semi-parametric selection correction to quantify the empirical significance of treatment and selection. Finally, I use a grouped IV quantile regression to test the distributional predictions of the selection hypothesis. I find no evidence for greater selection or reallocation in more competitive markets; instead, all three results suggest that measured productivity responds directly to competition. Potential channels include specialization and managerial inputs.
Keywords: No keywords provided
JEL Codes: L22; L23; L25; L61
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| competition induces exit of less productive firms (L13) | average productivity of remaining firms (L25) |
| competition (L13) | average productivity of remaining firms (L25) |
| treatment effect (C22) | productivity (O49) |
| selection effect (C24) | productivity (O49) |
| competition (L13) | productivity (O49) |