Working Paper: NBER ID: w25461
Authors: Michael Leeds; Hugh Rockoff
Abstract: The Kentucky Derby is the premier American horse race. The first race was held in 1875 and 13 of the 15 jockeys were African Americans. African American jockeys continued to play an important role until the turn of the 19th century when they were forced from the Kentucky Derby and the other big American races, victims of the rising tide of Jim Crow. This paper uses a new data set based on the odds on all the entries in the Kentucky Derby between 1875 and 1915 to examine the willingness of owners and trainers to hire African American jockeys and the willingness of fans to bet on them.
Keywords: African American Jockeys; Kentucky Derby; Jim Crow; Racial Discrimination; Sports Economics
JEL Codes: J15; N01; N11
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Prejudice in betting market (G41) | Underestimation of African American jockeys' abilities (J15) |
| Quality of horses (L15) | Performance of African American jockeys (Z22) |
| Ethnicity of jockeys (J15) | Performance relative to betting odds (L83) |
| Lynchings (K42) | Performance of African American jockeys (Z22) |