Working Paper: NBER ID: w23813
Authors: Lisa D. Cook; Trevon D. Logan; John M. Parman
Abstract: The literature on ethnic fractionalization and conflict has not been extended to the American past. In particular, the empirical relationship between racial residential segregation and lynching is unknown. The existing economic, social, and political theories of lynching contain hypotheses about the relationship between racial segregation and racial violence, consistent with theories of social conflict. Since Southern lynching occurred in rural and urban areas, traditional urban measures of racial segregation cannot be used to estimate the relationship. We use a newly developed household-level measure of residential segregation (Logan and Parman 2017), which can distinguish between racial homogeneity of a location and the tendency to racially segregate, to estimate the correlation between racial segregation and lynching in the southern counties of the United States. We find that conditional on racial composition, racially segregated counties were much more likely to experience lynchings. Consistent with the hypothesis that segregation is related to interracial violence, we find that segregation is highly correlated with African American lynching, but uncorrelated with white lynching. These results extend the analysis of racial/ethnic conflict into the past and show that the effects of social interactions and interracial proximity in rural areas are as important as those in urban areas.
Keywords: racial segregation; lynching; interracial violence; southern counties
JEL Codes: I1; J1; N3
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Racial segregation (J15) | Lynching (K42) |
| Racial composition (J15) | Lynching (K42) |
| Racial segregation (J15) | Interracial violence (J15) |
| Racial segregation (J15) | African American lynching (N97) |
| Racial segregation (J15) | White lynching (J79) |