Working Paper: NBER ID: w22601
Authors: John F. Helliwell; Aneta Bonikowska; Hugh Shiplett
Abstract: Strong versions of the set point hypothesis argue that subjective well-being measures reflect each individual’s own personality and that deviations from that set point will tend to be short-lived, rendering them poor measures of the quality of life. International migration provides an excellent test of this hypothesis, since life circumstances and average subjective well-being differ greatly among countries. Life satisfaction scores for immigrants to Canada from up to 100 source countries are compared to those in the countries where they were born. With or without various adjustments for selection effects, the average levels and distributions of life satisfaction scores among immigrants mimic those of other Canadians rather than those in their source countries and regions. This supports other evidence that subjective life evaluations, especially when averaged across individuals, are primarily driven by life circumstances, and respond correspondingly when those circumstances change.
Keywords: migration; happiness; subjective well-being; life satisfaction
JEL Codes: F22; I31; J61
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Life Satisfaction (Immigrants) (J61) | Life Satisfaction (Canadians) (I31) |
| Source Country Life Satisfaction (I31) | Immigrant Life Satisfaction (J61) |
| Life Evaluations of Immigrants (K37) | Convergence to Canadian Levels (N12) |
| Migration (F22) | Life Satisfaction (I31) |
| Life Circumstances (J29) | Life Satisfaction (I31) |
| Migration (F22) | Life Evaluations of Immigrants (K37) |