Working Paper: NBER ID: w21982
Authors: Brian Duncan; Stephen J. Trejo
Abstract: Because of data limitations, virtually all studies of the later-generation descendants of immigrants rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification rather than arguably more objective measures based on the countries of birth of the respondent and his ancestors. In this context, biases can arise from “ethnic attrition” (e.g., U.S.-born individuals who do not self-identify as Hispanic despite having ancestors who were immigrants from a Spanish-speaking country). Analyzing 2003-2013 data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), this study shows that such ethnic attrition is sizeable and selective for the second- and third-generation populations of key Hispanic and Asian national origin groups. In addition, the results indicate that ethnic attrition generates measurement biases that vary across groups in direction as well as magnitude, and that correcting for these biases is likely to raise the socioeconomic standing of the U.S.-born descendants of most Hispanic immigrants relative to their Asian counterparts.
Keywords: immigrant generations; socioeconomic integration; Hispanics; Asians; ethnic attrition
JEL Codes: J15; J61; J62
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Ethnic attrition (J15) | Socioeconomic integration of immigrant descendants (J69) |
| Ethnic attrition (J15) | Measurement biases (C83) |
| Measurement biases (C83) | Socioeconomic standing of U.S.-born descendants of Hispanic immigrants (J69) |
| Measurement biases (C83) | Socioeconomic standing of U.S.-born descendants of Asian immigrants (J69) |
| Educational selectivity of ethnic attrition (Hispanics) (I24) | Educational attainment (I21) |
| Educational selectivity of ethnic attrition (Asians) (I21) | Educational attainment (I21) |
| Intermarriage patterns (J12) | Ethnic identification of children (J15) |