Working Paper: NBER ID: w21769
Authors: Alberto Galasso; Mark Schankerman
Abstract: We study the causal impact of patent invalidation on subsequent innovation and exit by the patent holder. The analysis is based on patent litigation at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and exploits the random allocation of judges to control for endogeneity of the judicial decision. Invalidation causes the patent holder to reduce subsequent patenting over a five-year window by 50 percent on average, but the effect is heterogeneous. The impact is large for small and medium-sized firms, particularly in technology fields where they face many large competitors, and for patents central to their technology portfolio. We find no significant effect for large firms. Invalidation also significantly increases the likelihood that small firms exit from patenting entirely.
Keywords: patent rights; innovation; firm exit
JEL Codes: K41; L24; O31; O32; O34
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Patent Invalidation (L49) | Future Patenting Activity (O34) |
| Patent Invalidation (L49) | Firm Exit (L19) |
| Patent Invalidation (L49) | Innovation (Small Firms) (O31) |
| Patent Invalidation (L49) | Innovation (Large Firms) (O31) |