Working Paper: NBER ID: w21052
Authors: Roland Bnabou; Davide Ticchi; Andrea Vindigni
Abstract: In earlier work (Bénabou, Ticchi and Vindigni 2013) we uncovered a robust negative association between religiosity and patents per capita, holding across countries as well as US states, with and without controls. In this paper we turn to the individual level, examining the relationship between religiosity and a broad set of pro- or anti-innovation attitudes in all five waves of the World Values Survey (1980 to 2005). We thus relate eleven indicators of individual openness to innovation, broadly defined (e.g., attitudes toward science and technology, new versus old ideas, change, risk taking, personal agency, imagination and independence in children) to five different measures of religiosity, including beliefs and attendance. We control for all standard socio-demographics as well as country, year and denomination fixed effects. Across the fifty-two estimated specifications, greater religiosity is almost uniformly and very significantly associated to less favorable views of innovation.
Keywords: Religion; Innovation; World Values Survey; Patents
JEL Codes: O30; O31; O35; O4; Z12
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Greater religiosity (Z12) | Less favorable views of innovation (O39) |
| Greater religiosity (Z12) | Disagreement with pro-science statements (C12) |
| Greater religiosity (Z12) | Less endorsement of new ideas (B15) |
| Greater religiosity (Z12) | Less risk-taking (D81) |