Working Paper: NBER ID: w20384
Authors: Byungkyu Lee; Dalton Conley
Abstract: Recently, the sex of child has been widely used as a natural experiment and shown to induce change of the allegedly stable political predisposition, however, prior results have been contradictory: in the U.K., researchers found that having daughters leads to parents favoring left-wing political parties and to holding more liberal views on family/gender roles, whereas in the U.S. scholars found that daughters were associated with more Republican (rightist) party identification and more conservative views on teen sexuality. Here, we utilize data from the General Social Survey and the European Social Survey to test the robustness of effects of offspring sex on parental political orientation while factoring out country and period differences. In analysis of 36 countries, we obtain null effects of the sex of the first child on party identification as well as on political ideology. Further, we observe no evidence of heterogeneous treatment effects. We discuss the implications of these null findings for theories of political socialization.
Keywords: gender; political orientation; offspring; political socialization
JEL Codes: D1; J13
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Sex of the first child (J13) | Parental political orientation (J18) |
| Having a daughter (J12) | Party identification (D72) |
| Having a daughter (J12) | Political ideology (P16) |
| Sex of the first child (J13) | Party identification (D72) |
| Sex of the first child (J13) | Political ideology (P16) |