Working Paper: NBER ID: w20383
Authors: Rachel Heath; A Mushfiq Mobarak
Abstract: We study the effects of explosive growth in the Bangladeshi ready-made garments industry on the lives on Bangladeshi women. We compare the marriage, childbearing, school enrollment and employment decisions of women who gain greater access to garment sector jobs to women living further away from factories, to years before the factories arrive close to some villages, and to the marriage and enrollment decisions of their male siblings. Girls exposed to the garment sector delay marriage and childbirth. This stems from (a) young girls becoming more likely to be enrolled in school after garment jobs (which reward literacy and numeracy) arrive, and (b) older girls becoming more likely to be employed outside the home in garment-proximate villages. The demand for education generated through manufacturing growth appears to have a much larger effect on female educational attainment compared to a large-scale government conditional cash transfer program to encourage female schooling.
Keywords: Bangladesh; Garment Industry; Women; Education; Marriage; Childbearing
JEL Codes: F16; I25; J12; J23; O12
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Access to garment jobs (L67) | Lower risk of early marriage (J12) |
| Access to garment jobs (L67) | Lower risk of childbirth (J13) |
| Access to garment jobs (L67) | Increased educational attainment (I24) |
| Garment-proximate villages (L67) | Access to garment jobs (L67) |
| Garment-proximate villages (L67) | Lower risk of early marriage (J12) |
| Garment-proximate villages (L67) | Lower risk of childbirth (J13) |
| Garment-proximate villages (L67) | Increased educational attainment (I24) |