Working Paper: NBER ID: w19777
Authors: Pascal Michaillat; Emmanuel Saez
Abstract: In recent decades, advanced economies have experienced low and stable inflation and long periods of liquidity trap. We construct an alternative business-cycle model capturing these two features by adding two assumptions to a money-in-the-utility-function model: the labor market is subject to matching frictions, and real wealth enters the utility function. These assumptions modify the two core equations of the standard New Keynesian model. With matching frictions, we can analyze equilibria in which inflation is fixed and not determined by a forward-looking Phillips curve. With wealth in the utility, the Euler equation is modified and we can obtain steady-state equilibria with a liquidity trap, positive inflation, and labor market slack. The model is simple enough to inspect the mechanisms behind cyclical fluctuations and to study the effects of conventional and unconventional monetary and fiscal policies. As a byproduct, the model provides microfoundations for the classical IS-LM model. Finally, we show how directed search can be combined with costly price adjustments to generate a forward-looking Phillips curve and recover some insights from the New Keynesian model.
Keywords: No keywords provided
JEL Codes: E12; E13; E24; E41; E52
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| inflation (E31) | unemployment (J64) |
| unemployment (J64) | inflation (E31) |
| matching frictions (F12) | fixed inflation (E31) |
| negative aggregate demand shocks (E00) | lower output (E23) |
| negative aggregate demand shocks (E00) | lower labor market tightness (J49) |
| negative aggregate supply shocks (E00) | lower output (E23) |
| negative aggregate supply shocks (E00) | higher labor market tightness (J29) |
| unconventional monetary policies (E49) | stabilize the economy (E63) |