The Endless Frontier: Reaping What Bush Sowed

Working Paper: NBER ID: w19687

Authors: Paula Stephan

Abstract: I examine and document how the Endless Frontier changed the research landscape at universities and how universities responded to the initiative. I show that the agencies it established and funded initially recruited research proposals from faculty and applications from students for fellowships and scholarships. By the 1960s the tables had begun to turn and universities had begun to push for more resources from the federal government for research, support for faculty salary and research assistants and higher indirect costs. The process transformed the relationship between universities and federal funders; it also transformed the relationship between universities and faculty. The university research system that has grown and evolved faces a number of challenges that threaten the health of universities and the research enterprise and have implications for discovery and innovation. Five are discussed in the closing section. They are (1) a proclivity on the part of faculty and funding agencies to be risk averse; (2) the tendency to produce more PhDs than the market for research positions demands; (3) a heavy concentration of research in the biomedical sciences; (4) a continued expansion on the part of universities that may place universities at increased financial risk and (5) a flat or declining amount of federal funds for research.

Keywords: No keywords provided

JEL Codes: I23; I28; O31; O32

Causal Claims

Cause	Effect
federal funding agencies (I29)	transformed relationship between universities and federal funders (I23)
federal initiatives (H77)	increased university research capacity (I23)
increased competition for federal grants (H77)	decline in success rates for grant applications (I23)
growing number of PhDs (Y40)	confounding factor in increased competition for federal grants and decline in success rates for grant applications (I23)