Working Paper: NBER ID: w19359
Authors: Edward L. Glaeser
Abstract: Long before economics turned to psychology, environmentalists were nudging and framing and pushing their cause like highly gifted amateur psychologists. Their interventions seem to have changed behavior by altering beliefs, norms and preferences, but because psychological interventions are often coarse, inadvertent, offsetting side effects occur. After discussing the interplay between environmental preference-making and economics, I turn to three areas where strong, simple views have spread--electric cars, recycling and local conservation efforts. In all three areas, environmental rules of thumb can lead to significant, adverse environmental side effects. Local environmentalism, for example, may increase carbon emissions by pushing development from low emission areas, like coastal California, to high emissions areas elsewhere. I end by discussing how economic analysis of the political market for ideas can make sense of the remarkable disparity of views on global warming.
Keywords: environmentalism; psychology; economics; public policy
JEL Codes: Q0; Q5
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Environmental campaigns (F18) | Altered beliefs and preferences (D91) |
| Altered beliefs and preferences (D91) | Increased recycling (L99) |
| Altered beliefs and preferences (D91) | Increased hybrid car purchases (R48) |
| Environmental campaigns (F18) | Increased empathy for environmental issues (F64) |
| Increased empathy for environmental issues (F64) | Motivated policy action (D78) |
| Local environmentalism (F64) | Increased carbon emissions (Q54) |
| Psychological interventions (D91) | Psychic taxes or subsidies (H29) |
| Psychic taxes or subsidies (H29) | Environmentally friendly actions (Q52) |
| Supply of environmentalism (Q21) | Influenced by incentives of promoters (L14) |