Working Paper: NBER ID: w19304
Authors: Rebekka Christopoulou; Ahmed Jaber; Dean R. Lillard
Abstract: The extant literature on cultural transmission takes competing cultures in society as given and parental cultural preferences as fixed. We relax these assumptions by endogenizing both societal and parental preferences. We use smoking as a case-study of a cultural trait which did not always exist, and which over time has switched from being perceived as socially acceptable to being perceived as undesirable. In our model, parents' preferred cultural traits depend on the perceived health costs of smoking, and societal preferences depend on the behavior of a tobacco industry that aims to maximize smoking prevalence. We derive conditions for the emergence and persistence of the smoking habit, and find new implications for the relationship between parental and societal influences. We then test explicitly for the validity of our theoretical framework using novel US data. We find that our framework is able to capture features of smoking behavior which existing models are unable to explain.
Keywords: Cultural Transmission; Smoking Behavior; Parental Influence; Societal Norms
JEL Codes: D1; I1; Z1
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Parental socialization efforts (J12) | Likelihood that a child ever smokes (J13) |
| Societal smoking prevalence (L66) | Parental socialization efforts (J12) |
| Parental smoking status (I12) | Children's smoking behavior (J13) |