Working Paper: NBER ID: w19302
Authors: Rosalie Liccardo Pacula; David Powell; Paul Heaton; Eric L. Sevigny
Abstract: This paper sheds light on previous inconsistencies identified in the literature regarding the relationship between medical marijuana laws (MML) and recreational marijuana use by closely examining the importance of policy dimensions (registration requirements, home cultivation, dispensaries) and the timing of them. Using data from our own legal analysis of state MMLs, we evaluate which features are associated with adult and youth recreational use by linking these policy variables to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97), the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the Treatment Episodes Data System (TEDS). Our analyses control for state and year fixed effects, using within state policy changes over time to estimate the effect on changes in our outcome variables using a difference-in-differences approach. We find that while simple dichotomous indicators are generally not associated with marijuana use, specific dimensions of MMLs, namely home cultivation and legal dispensaries, are positively associated with marijuana use in each data set. Moreover, these same dimensions are tied to binge drinking and fatal alcohol automobile accidents as well. The findings have important implications for states considering legalization of marijuana, as regulating access to and promotion of dispensaries may be key for reducing the harms associated with these policies.
Keywords: medical marijuana laws; marijuana use; alcohol use; policy analysis
JEL Codes: I18; K32; K42
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Medical Marijuana Laws (MMLs) (I18) | Marijuana Use (I12) |
| Home Cultivation Provisions (P13) | Marijuana Use (I12) |
| Dispensary Allowances (H53) | Marijuana Use (I12) |
| Medical Marijuana Laws (MMLs) (I18) | Treatment Admissions for Marijuana (I19) |
| Medical Marijuana Laws (MMLs) (I18) | Alcohol Use Outcomes (I12) |
| Dispensary Allowances (H53) | Treatment Admissions for Alcohol Use (I19) |