Borrowing High vs Borrowing Higher: Sources and Consequences of Dispersion in Individual Borrowing Costs

Working Paper: NBER ID: w19069

Authors: Victor Stango; Jonathan Zinman

Abstract: We document cross-individual variation in U.S. credit card borrowing costs (APRs) that is large enough to explain substantial differences in household saving rates. Borrower default risk and card characteristics explain roughly 40% of APRs. The remaining dispersion exists because a borrower can receive offers and hold cards with wide-ranging APRs, as different issuers price the same observable risk metrics quite differently. Borrower debt (mis)allocation across cards explains little dispersion. But self-reported borrower search/shopping (along with instruments for shopping implied by Fair Lending law) can explain APR differences comparable to moving someone from the worst credit score decile to the best.

Keywords: No keywords provided

JEL Codes: D14; D22; D4; D83; G21; G23


Causal Claims Network Graph

Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.


Causal Claims

CauseEffect
Observable borrower default risk (G33)APR variation (F31)
Product differentiation (L15)APR variation (F31)
Substantial dispersion in borrowing costs (G19)Household savings rates (D14)
Borrowing costs (G32)Household savings rate (D14)
Consumer search intensity (D12)Borrowing costs (G32)
Consumer shopping behavior (D19)Borrowing costs (G32)

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