Working Paper: NBER ID: w18119
Authors: Juan Botero; Alejandro Ponce; Andrei Shleifer
Abstract: Generally speaking, better educated countries have better governments, an empirical regularity that holds in both dictatorships and democracies. We suggest that a possible reason for this fact is that educated people are more likely to complain about misconduct by government officials, so that, even when each complaint is unlikely to succeed, more frequent complaints encourage better behavior from officials. Newly assembled individual-level survey data from the World Justice Project show that, within countries, better educated people are more likely to report official misconduct. The results are confirmed using other survey data on reporting crime and corruption. Citizen complaints might thus be an operative mechanism that explains the link between education and the quality of government.
Keywords: Education; Quality of Government; Citizen Complaints; Corruption
JEL Codes: D73; D78; O43
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Education (I29) | Likelihood of reporting official misconduct (K42) |
| Education (I29) | Likelihood of reporting police abuse (K42) |
| Education (I29) | Quality of government (H11) |