Working Paper: NBER ID: w17705
Authors: Joseph E. Aldy; William A. Pizer
Abstract: The pollution haven hypothesis suggests that unilateral domestic climate change mitigation policy would impose significant economic costs on carbon-intensive industries, resulting in declining output and increasing net imports. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we undertake a two-step empirical analysis. First, we use historic energy prices as a proxy for climate change mitigation policy. We estimate how production and net imports change in response to energy prices using a 35-year panel of approximately 450 U.S. manufacturing industries. Second, we take these estimated relationships and use them to simulate the impacts of changes in energy prices resulting from a domestic climate change mitigation policy that effectively imposes a $15 per ton carbon price. We find that energy-intensive manufacturing industries are more likely to experience decreases in production and increases in net imports than less-intensive industries. Our best estimate is that competitiveness effects – measured by the increase in net imports – are as large as 0.8 percent for the most energy-intensive industries and represent no more than about one-sixth of the estimated decrease in production under a $15 per ton carbon price.
Keywords: Climate Change; Mitigation Policies; Competitiveness; Energy Prices; Manufacturing
JEL Codes: F18; Q52; Q54
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Energy price increases due to carbon pricing (Q41) | Reduced domestic production (F69) |
| Energy price increases due to carbon pricing (Q41) | Increased net imports (F69) |
| Energy price increases due to carbon pricing (Q41) | Competitiveness effects (F12) |
| Competitiveness effects (F12) | Reduced domestic production (F69) |
| Energy price increases due to carbon pricing (Q41) | Reduced domestic consumption (D12) |