Working Paper: NBER ID: w17684
Authors: Wolfram Schlenker; W Reed Walker
Abstract: Airports are some of the largest sources of air pollution in the United States. We demonstrate that daily airport runway congestion contributes significantly to local pollution levels and contemporaneous health of residents living nearby and downwind from airports. Our research design exploits the fact that network delays originating from large airports on the East Coast increase runway congestion in California, which in turn increases daily pollution levels around California airports. Using the component of California air pollution driven by airport congestion, we find that carbon monoxide (CO) leads to significant increases in hospitalization rates for asthma, respiratory, and heart related emergency room admissions that are an order of magnitude larger than conventional estimates: A one standard deviation increase in daily pollution levels leads to an additional $1 million in hospitalization costs for respiratory and heart related admissions for the 6 million individuals living within 10km (6.2 miles) of the 12 largest airports in California. While infants and the elderly are more sensitive to air pollution, we also find significant relationships for the adult population. The health impacts are driven by CO, not NO2 or O3, and occur at levels far below existing EPA mandates. Our results suggest there may be sizable morbidity benefits from lowering the existing CO standard.
Keywords: Airports; Air Pollution; Health; Carbon Monoxide; Hospitalization
JEL Codes: H0; I1; Q5
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| airport runway congestion (L91) | local pollution levels (Q53) |
| local pollution levels (Q53) | hospitalization rates for asthma, respiratory, and heart-related emergencies (I11) |
| airport runway congestion (L91) | hospitalization rates for asthma, respiratory, and heart-related emergencies (I11) |
| local pollution levels (Q53) | health impacts in the general adult population aged 20-64 (I12) |
| airport runway congestion (L91) | increase in pollution levels (Q53) |