Working Paper: NBER ID: w17673
Authors: Alan S. Gerber; Gregory A. Huber; David Doherty; Conor M. Dowling; Seth J. Hill
Abstract: Although the secret ballot has long been secured as a legal matter in the United States, formal secrecy protections are not equivalent to convincing citizens that they may vote privately and without fear of reprisal. We present survey evidence that those who have not previously voted are particularly likely to voice doubts about the secrecy of the voting process. We then report results from a field experiment where we provided registered voters with information about ballot secrecy protections prior to the 2010 general election. We find that these letters increased turnout for registered citizens without records of previous turnout, but did not appear to influence the behavior of citizens who had previously voted. These results suggest that although the secret ballot is a long-standing institution in the United States, providing basic information about ballot secrecy can affect the decision to participate to an important degree.
Keywords: Ballot secrecy; Voter turnout; Field experiment; Political participation
JEL Codes: H0; H1; Z0
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| beliefs about ballot secrecy (K16) | political participation (D72) |
| secrecy letters (Y50) | turnout for recently registered nonvoters (K16) |
| secrecy letters (Y50) | turnout for longstanding registered nonvoters (K16) |
| information about ballot secrecy protections (K16) | turnout among recently registered nonvoters (K16) |
| information about ballot secrecy protections (K16) | political participation (D72) |
| information about ballot secrecy protections (K16) | turnout among experienced voters (K16) |