Working Paper: NBER ID: w17234
Authors: Ilyana Kuziemko; Ryan W. Buell; Taly Reich; Michael I. Norton
Abstract: Why do low-income individuals often oppose redistribution? We hypothesize that an aversion to being in "last place" undercuts support for redistribution, with low-income individuals punishing those slightly below themselves to keep someone "beneath" them. In laboratory experiments, we find support for "last-place aversion" in the contexts of risk aversion and redistributive preferences. Participants choose gambles with the potential to move them out of last place that they reject when randomly placed in other parts of the distribution. Similarly, in money- transfer games, those randomly placed in second-to-last place are the least likely to costlessly give money to the player one rank below. Last-place aversion predicts that those earning just above the minimum wage will be most likely to oppose minimum-wage increases as they would no longer have a lower-wage group beneath them, a prediction we confirm using survey data.
Keywords: last-place aversion; redistribution; minimum wage; risk aversion
JEL Codes: C91; D31; D72; H23; I3; J38
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Last-Place Aversion (LPA) (D81) | Opposition to Redistributive Policies (H23) |
| Last-Place Aversion (LPA) (D81) | Risk Preferences (Engagement in Gambling) (D81) |
| Being in Last Place (D44) | Increased Willingness to Gamble (G40) |
| Second-to-Last Place (Y10) | Motivation to Gamble to Defend Position (C72) |
| Earning Just Above Minimum Wage (J31) | Opposition to Minimum Wage Increases (J38) |