Working Paper: NBER ID: w17008
Authors: Geoffrey Heal
Abstract: I present a non-technical high-level review the concept of sustainability and the various approaches to quantifying it.
Keywords: sustainability; GDP; NDP; adjusted net savings; genuine savings; green GDP; natural capital
JEL Codes: H0; Q20; Q30; Q50
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Economic growth (GDP) (O49) | Sustainability (Q01) |
| Natural capital depletion (Q31) | Economic performance (P17) |
| Adjusted net savings (ANS) (E21) | Sustainability (Q01) |
| Net domestic product (NDP) (E01) | Measure of economic output (E23) |
| Positive ANS (D78) | Sustainable practices (Q01) |
| Negative ANS (C45) | Unsustainable practices (Q01) |
| Sustainability (Q01) | Level of natural capital intact (Q24) |