Working Paper: NBER ID: w14155
Authors: Ofer Malamud; Cristian Popeleches
Abstract: This paper examines the relative benefits of general education and vocational training in Romania, a country which experienced major technological and institutional change during its transition from Communism to a market economy. To avoid the bias caused by non-random selection, we exploit a 1973 educational reform that shifted a large proportion of students from vocational training to general education while keeping average years of schooling unchanged. Using data from the 1992 and 2002 Romanian Censuses and household surveys from 1995-2000, we analyze the effect of this policy with a regression discontinuity design. We find that men in cohorts affected by the policy were significantly less likely to work in manual or craft-related occupations than their counterparts who were unaffected by the policy. However, in contrast to cross-sectional findings, we find no difference in labor market participation or earnings between cohorts affected and unaffected by the policy. We therefore conclude that differences in labor market returns between graduates of vocational and general schools are largely driven by selection.
Keywords: General Education; Vocational Training; Romania; Labor Market Outcomes
JEL Codes: I21; J24; P20
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| 1973 educational reform in Romania (I28) | shift from vocational training to general education (I29) |
| shift from vocational training to general education (I29) | influence on occupational outcomes (J24) |
| 1973 educational reform in Romania (I28) | decrease in likelihood of working in manual occupations (J29) |
| shift from vocational training to general education (I29) | decrease in likelihood of working in manual occupations (J29) |
| 1973 educational reform in Romania (I28) | no significant differences in labor market participation or earnings (J79) |
| observed differences in labor market returns (J79) | driven by selection effects (C92) |