Working Paper: NBER ID: w13582
Authors: Ren Boeheim; Ana Rute Cardoso
Abstract: Whereas there is widespread belief that workers in temporary help services (THS) are subject to poorer working conditions, in particular pay, than comparable workers in the rest of the economy, there is little evidence on whether that is driven by the sector per se or by the workers' characteristics. The first aim of this analysis is to quantify the wage penalty, if any, for workers in THS firms. Secondly, we analyze the wage profile of workers right before and after spells of THS. Linked employer-employee data for Portugal enable us to account for observable as well as unobservable worker quality. Our results show that workers in THS firms earn lower wages than their peers and that this difference is mostly due to the workers' characteristics. We estimate that workers in THS firms earn on average 9% less than comparable workers in the rest of the economy if we control for the workers' observable attributes only. This difference is reduced to about 1% when we control for unobservable characteristics as well. However, interesting differences emerge across groups. Younger workers, both men and women, earn higher wages in TAW than their peers in other firms, while the opposite holds for prime-age and older workers. Moreover, for young workers THS firms is not associated with a stigma effect that slows their wage progression after they work for THS, as opposed to prime-age and older workers, in particular males. Also before entering THS the wage trends are different. Prime-age and older workers, both male and female, see their wages deteriorate relative to their peers before entering THS, suggesting that adverse labor market conditions may motivate them to search for a THS job. On the contrary, for young workers we do not detect any pre-THS wage trend.
Keywords: temporary help services; employment; Portugal; wage penalty
JEL Codes: D21; J31; J40
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| THS employment (J63) | lower wages (J31) |
| observable worker characteristics (J29) | wage difference (J31) |
| unobservable characteristics (D80) | wage difference (J31) |
| younger workers (J29) | higher wages in THS (J39) |
| prime-age and older workers (J14) | wage penalty in THS (J31) |
| adverse labor market conditions (J68) | seek THS jobs (J63) |
| THS employment (J63) | slower wage growth for older workers (J39) |
| THS employment (J63) | stepping stone for younger workers (J62) |