Working Paper: NBER ID: w13305
Authors: Robert Jensen; Emily Oster
Abstract: Cable and satellite television have grown rapidly throughout the developing world. The availability of cable and satellite television exposes viewers to new information about the outside world, which may affect individual attitudes and behaviors. This paper explores the effect of the introduction of cable television on gender attitudes in rural India. Using a three-year individual-level panel dataset, we find that the introduction of cable television is associated with improvements in women's status. We find significant increases in reported autonomy, decreases in the reported acceptability of beating and decreases in reported son preference. We also find increases in female school enrollment and decreases in fertility (primarily via increased birth spacing). The effects are large, equivalent in some cases to about five years of education in the cross section, and move gender attitudes of individuals in rural areas much closer to those in urban areas. We argue that the results are not driven by pre-existing differential trends. These results have important policy implications, as India and other countries attempt to decrease bias against women.
Keywords: cable television; women's status; gender attitudes; India
JEL Codes: J13; J16; O12; O33
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Cable television introduction (L96) | Women's reported autonomy (J16) |
| Cable television introduction (L96) | Acceptability of domestic violence (J12) |
| Cable television introduction (L96) | Likelihood of women expressing son preference (J16) |
| Cable television introduction (L96) | Female school enrollment (I21) |
| Cable television introduction (L96) | Fertility (J13) |
| Cable television introduction (L96) | Gender gap in attitudes and behaviors (J16) |
| Cable television introduction (L96) | Changes in women's status (J16) |