Working Paper: NBER ID: w12185
Authors: David W. Galenson
Abstract: This paper considers not only when in their careers the greatest artists of the twentieth century made their greatest discoveries, but also how quickly they made them. The results underscore the dominant position of Picasso and Cubism in twentieth-century art: Picasso alone accounts for the two best three-year periods produced by any artist, and he and Braque account for three of the best five-year periods, all for the work the two young artists did in developing Cubism. Warhol's innovations in Pop art and Matisse's development of Fauvism also rank among the century's most important breakthroughs. In general, identifying the most important short periods of artistic creativity emphasizes the differing methods of conceptual and experimental artists: great conceptual innovators, like Picasso, Matisse, and Warhol, made their greatest discoveries abruptly, whereas great experimental innovators, like Mondrian, Kandinsky, and Pollock, made their discoveries more gradually. The finding that artists who innovate early in their lives do so suddenly, while those who innovate late do so more gradually, adds an important dimension to our understanding of human creativity.
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JEL Codes: No JEL codes provided
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Conceptual innovators (O36) | Abrupt contributions (Y20) |
| Experimental innovators (C91) | Gradual contributions (D15) |
| Picasso's work in 1907 (Y91) | Greatest one-year achievement (O57) |
| Cubist revolution (B24) | Transformation of visual arts (Z11) |
| Warhol's innovations in 1962 (B24) | Shift from commercial art to pop art (L82) |
| Conceptual nature of contributions (O36) | Rapid innovation (O35) |
| Differences in creative processes (O36) | Understanding of human creativity (O36) |