Working Paper: NBER ID: w11663
Authors: Eli Berman; Laurence R. Iannaccone
Abstract: This paper challenges conventional views of violent religious extremism, particularly those that emphasize militant theology. We offer an alternative analysis that helps explain the persistent demand for religion, the different types of religious that naturally arise, and the special attributes of the "sectarian" type. Sects are adept at producing club goods both spiritual and material. Where governments and economies function poorly, sects often become major suppliers of social services, political action, and coercive force. Their success as providers is much more due to the advantages of their organizational structure than it is to their theology. Religious militancy is most effectively controlled through a combination of policies that raise the direct costs of violence, foster religious competition, improve social services, and encourage private enterprise.
Keywords: No keywords provided
JEL Codes: Z12; H56; H41; K4
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| inadequacies of government services (H53) | emergence of sects (Z12) |
| organizational structure of sects (L22) | production of club goods (H41) |
| social services provided by sects (Z12) | increased credibility and community support (O36) |
| policies that raise costs of violence (H56) | decreased violence (D74) |
| social services provided by sects (Z12) | cycle of support and loyalty (L14) |