Working Paper: NBER ID: w10980
Authors: Kathleen Beegle; Rajeev Dehejia; Roberta Gatti
Abstract: Although there is an extensive literature on the determinants of child labor and many initiatives aimed at combating it, there is limited evidence on the consequences of child labor on socio-economic outcomes such as education, wages, and health. We evaluate the causal effect of child labor participation on these outcomes using panel data from Vietnam and an instrumental variables strategy. Five years subsequent to the child labor experience, we find significant negative impacts on school participation and educational attainment, but also find substantially higher earnings for those (young) adults who worked as children. We find no significant effects on health. Over a longer horizon, we estimate that from age 30 onward the forgone earnings attributable to lost schooling exceed any earnings gain associated with child labor and that the net present discounted value of child labor is positive for discount rates of 11.5 percent or higher. We show that child labor is prevalent among households likely to have higher borrowing costs, that are farther from schools, and whose adult members experienced negative returns to their own education. This evidence suggests that reducing child labor will require facilitating access to credit and will also require households to be forward looking.
Keywords: Child Labor; Education; Labor Market; Health; Vietnam
JEL Codes: D19; J22; J82; O15; Q12
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Child labor participation (J82) | Reduction in school attendance (I21) |
| Child labor participation (J82) | Decrease in educational attainment (I21) |
| Child labor participation (J82) | Increase in likelihood of engaging in wage employment (J29) |
| Child labor participation (J82) | Higher daily earnings (J31) |
| Child labor participation (J82) | Positive net present discounted value for households (D15) |
| Child labor participation (J82) | No significant health effects (I19) |