Working Paper: NBER ID: w10513
Authors: Lucia Breierova; Esther Duflo
Abstract: This paper takes advantage of a massive school construction program that took place in Indonesia between 1973 and 1978 to estimate the effect of education on fertility and child mortality. Time and region varying exposure to the school construction program generates instrumental variables for the average education in the household, and the difference in education between husband and wife. We show that female education is a stronger determinant of age at marriage and early fertility than male education. However, female and male education seem equally important factors in reducing child mortality. We suggest that the OLS estimate of the differential effect of women's and men's education may be biased by failure to take in to account assortative matching.
Keywords: education; fertility; child mortality; Indonesia
JEL Codes: I12; I22; I38; J13; J16; O12
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| assortative mating (C78) | OLS estimates (L00) |
| omitted variable bias (C20) | OLS estimates (L00) |
| female education (I24) | age at marriage (J12) |
| female education (I24) | early fertility (J13) |
| difference in education between spouses (I24) | fertility decisions (J13) |
| wife's education (I24) | fertility (J13) |
| male education (I24) | child mortality (J13) |
| female education (I24) | child mortality (J13) |