Working Paper: NBER ID: w10365
Authors: David Card; Carlos Dobkin; Nicole Maestas
Abstract: We use the increases in health insurance coverage at age 65 generated by the rules of the Medicare program to evaluate the effects of health insurance coverage on health related behaviors and outcomes. The rise in overall coverage at age 65 is accompanied by a narrowing of disparities across race and education groups. Groups with bigger increases in coverage at 65 experience bigger reductions in the probability of delaying or not receiving medical care, and bigger increases in the probability of routine doctor visits. Hospital discharge records also show large increases in admission rates at age 65, especially for elective procedures like bypass surgery and joint replacement. The rises in hospitalization are bigger for whites than blacks, and for residents of areas with higher rates of insurance coverage prior to age 65, suggesting that the gains arise because of the relative generosity of Medicare, rather than the availability of insurance coverage. Finally, there are small impacts of reaching age 65 on self-reported health, with the largest gains among the groups that experience the largest gains in insurance coverage. In contrast we find no evidence of a shift in the rate of growth of mortality rates at age 65.
Keywords: Health Insurance; Medicare; Health Outcomes; Health Care Utilization
JEL Codes: I12; I18
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Medicare eligibility (I13) | disparities in access to medical care (I14) |
| insurance coverage at age 65 (I13) | probability of delaying or not receiving medical care (I14) |
| Eligibility for Medicare (I13) | hospital stays (I11) |
| hospital stays (I11) | elective procedures like joint replacements and bypass surgery (I11) |
| Eligibility for Medicare (I13) | changes in smoking, exercise, or obesity rates (I12) |
| increased insurance coverage (G52) | self-reported health improvements (I12) |
| increased insurance coverage (G52) | mortality rates (I12) |