Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP7642
Authors: Andrew B. Bernard; J. Bradford Jensen; Stephen J. Redding; Peter K. Schott
Abstract: International trade models typically assume that producers in one country trade directly with final consumers in another. In the real world, of course, trade can involve long chains of potentially independent actors who move goods through wholesale and retail distribution networks. These networks likely affect the magnitude and nature of trade frictions and hence both the pattern of trade and its welfare gains. To promote further understanding of the means by which goods move across borders, this paper examines the extent to which U.S. exports and imports flow through wholesalers and retailers versus
Keywords: intermediary; international trade; retailer; wholesaler
JEL Codes: F10; F14
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| wholesalers and retailers (L81) | flow of US exports and imports (F10) |
| intermediaries (L14) | barriers to international trade (F14) |
| pure wholesalers (L81) | trade value (D46) |
| pure retailers (L81) | trade value (D46) |
| wholesalers (L81) | number of products traded (F10) |
| wholesalers (L81) | number of foreign partners engaged (F10) |
| product characteristics (L15) | trade participation (F10) |
| country characteristics (O57) | trade participation (F10) |