Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP6618
Authors: Ana Rute Cardoso; Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
Abstract: We explore the impact of mentoring of females and gender segregation on wages using a large longitudinal data set for Portugal. Female managers can protect and mentor female employees by paying them higher wages than male-led firms would do. We find that females can enjoy higher wages in female-led firms, the opposite being true for males. In both cases is a higher share of females reducing the wage level. These results are compatible with a theory where job promotion is an important factor of wage increases: if more females are to be mentored, less promotion slots are available for males, but also the expected chance of a female to be promoted is lower.
Keywords: female entrepreneurs; gender gap; matched employer-employee data; wages
JEL Codes: D21; J16; J31; M52
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Female management (M54) | Female wages (J31) |
| Female management (M54) | Male wages (J31) |
| Higher share of female coworkers (J21) | Female wages (J31) |
| Higher share of female coworkers (J21) | Male wages (J31) |
| Female management (M54) | Job promotion opportunities (J62) |