Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP6187
Authors: Hamish Low; Costas Meghir; Luigi Pistaferri
Abstract: This paper decomposes the sources of risk to income that individuals face over their lifetimes. We distinguish productivity risk from employment risk and identify the components of each using the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Estimates of productivity risk controlling for employment risk and for individual labour supply choices are substantially lower than estimates that attribute all wage variation to productivity risk. We use a partial equilibrium life-cycle model of consumption and labour supply to analyse the choices individuals make in the light of these risks and to measure the welfare cost of the different types of risk. Productivity risk induces a considerably greater welfare loss than employment risk primarily because productivity shocks are more persistent. Reflecting this, the welfare value of government programs such as food stamps which partially insure productivity risk is greater than the value of unemployment insurance which provides (partial) insurance against employment risk and no insurance against persistent shocks.
Keywords: employment risk; lifecycle models; precautionary savings; uncertainty; unemployment; wage risk
JEL Codes: D91; E21; H31; J64
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| productivity shocks (O49) | wage profiles (J31) |
| employment risk (J63) | job retention and job offers (J68) |
| productivity risk (D24) | welfare losses (D69) |
| employment risk (J63) | welfare losses (D69) |
| productivity risk (D24) | consumption decisions (D12) |
| productivity risk (D24) | labor supply decisions (J22) |
| government programs (food stamps) (H53) | insurance against productivity shocks (G52) |
| government programs (unemployment insurance) (J65) | insurance against employment risk (J65) |
| job mobility (J62) | permanent uncertainty (D52) |
| job mobility (J62) | precautionary saving (D14) |