Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP5291
Authors: Marco Battaglini; Rebecca Morton; Thomas R. Palfrey
Abstract: We compare the behaviour of voters, depending on whether they operate under sequential and simultaneous voting rules, when voting is costly and information is incomplete. In many real political institutions, ranging from small committees to mass elections, voting is sequential, which allows some voters to know the choices of earlier voters. For a stylized model, we characterize the equilibria for this rule, and compare it to simultaneous voting, and show how these equilibria vary for different voting costs. This generates a variety of predictions about the relative efficiency and equity of these two systems, which we test using controlled laboratory experiments. Most of the qualitative predictions are supported by the data, but there are significant departures from the predicted equilibrium strategies, in both the sequential and simultaneous voting games. We find a tradeoff between information aggregation, efficiency, and equity in sequential voting: a sequential voting rule aggregates information better, and produces more efficient outcomes on average, compared to simultaneous voting, but sequential voting leads to significant inequities, with later voters benefiting at the expense of early voters.
Keywords: committees; costly voting; information aggregation; sequential voting
JEL Codes: D71; D72
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| sequential voting (D72) | better information aggregation (D83) |
| sequential voting (D72) | more efficient outcomes (D61) |
| sequential voting (D72) | significant inequities (D63) |
| voting costs (K16) | efficiency of voting mechanisms (D72) |
| voting order (D72) | expected utility of voters (D79) |
| high-cost scenarios (D61) | early voters abstaining strategically (D72) |
| voting order (D72) | abstention among later voters (K16) |
| voting order (D72) | abstention among first voters (K16) |
| strategic abstention among early voters (D72) | weak evidence (D80) |
| strategic abstention among later voters (D72) | strong evidence (C90) |