Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP5048
Authors: Gianni De Fraja; Tania Oliveira; Luisa Zanchi
Abstract: This paper is based on the idea that the effort exerted by children, parents and schools affects the outcome of the education process. We test this idea using the National Child Development Study. Our theoretical model suggests that the effort exerted by the three groups of agents is simultaneously determined as a Nash equilibrium, and is therefore endogenous in the estimation of the education production function. Our results support this, and indicate which factors affect examination results directly and which indirectly via effort; they also suggest that affecting effort directly has an impact on results.
Keywords: educational achievement; educational attainment; educational outcomes; effort at school; examination results
JEL Codes: I220; H420
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Parental effort (J13) | Child effort (J13) |
| Child effort (J13) | Parental effort (J13) |
| School effort (I21) | Child effort (J13) |
| School effort (I21) | Parental effort (J13) |
| Family socioeconomic conditions (I24) | Educational attainment (I21) |
| Child effort (J13) | Educational attainment (I21) |