Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP4897
Authors: Frederick van der Ploeg
Abstract: After a brief review of classical, Keynesian, New Classical and New Keynesian theories of macroeconomic policy, we assess whether New Keynesian Economics captures the quintessential features stressed by JM Keynes. Particular attention is paid to Keynesian features omitted in New Keynesian workhorses such as the micro-founded Keynesian multiplier and the New Keynesian Phillips curve. These theories capture wage and price sluggishness and aggregate demand externalities by departing from a competitive framework and give a key role to expectations. The main deficiencies, however, are the inability to predict a pro-cyclical real wage in the face of demand shocks, the absence of inventories, credit constraints and bankruptcies in explaining the business cycle, and no effect of the nominal as well as the real interest rate on aggregate demand. Furthermore, they fail to allow for quantity rationing and to model unemployment as a catastrophic event. The macroeconomics based on the New Keynesian Phillips curve has quite a way to go before the quintessential Keynesian features are captured.
Keywords: bankruptcy; inventories; keynesian economics; liquidity; monetary policy; monopolistic competition; new keynesian phillips curve; nominal wage rigidity; procyclical real wage; unemployment; welfare
JEL Codes: E12; E32; E63
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Expansionary fiscal policies (E62) | Employment (J68) |
| Increased government spending (H59) | Higher aggregate demand (E19) |
| Higher aggregate demand (E19) | Employment (J68) |
| Inflation (E31) | Decrease in unemployment (J68) |
| Unemployment (J64) | Inflation (E31) |
| Demand shocks (E39) | Real wages (J31) |