Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP4493
Authors: Raquel Fernández; Alessandra Fogli; Claudia Olivetti
Abstract: This Paper presents intergenerational evidence in favour of the hypothesis that a significant factor explaining the increase in female labour force participation over time was the growing presence of men who grew up with a different family model ? one in which their mother worked. We use differences in mobilization rates of men across states during WWII as a source of exogenous variation in female labour supply. We show, in particular, that higher WWII male mobilization rates led to a higher fraction of women working not only for the generation directly affected by the war, but also for the next generation. These women were young enough to profit from the changed composition in the pool of men (i.e., from the fact that WWII created more men with mothers who worked). We also show that states in which the ratio of the average fertility of working relative to non-working women is greatest, have higher female labour supply 20 years later.
Keywords: cultural transmission; female labour force participation; preferences; world war II
JEL Codes: J12; J22
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| average fertility ratio of working mothers to nonworking mothers (J22) | female labor supply (J21) |
| female labor supply (J21) | next generation's labor supply (J20) |
| WWII mobilization rates (H56) | fraction of women working in subsequent generations (J21) |