Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP4216
Authors: Adriana Kugler; Giovanni Pica
Abstract: Labour market regulations have often being blamed for high and persistent unemployment in Europe, but evidence on their impact remains mixed. More recently, attention has turned to the impact of product market regulations on employment growth. This Paper analyses how labour and product market regulations interact to affect turnover and employment. We present a matching model that illustrates how barriers to entry in the product market mitigate the impact of labour market deregulation. We then use the Italian Social Security employer-employee panel to study the interaction between barriers to entry and dismissal costs. We exploit the fact that costs for unjust dismissals in Italy increased for firms below 15 employees relative to bigger firms after 1990. We find that the increase in dismissal costs after 1990 decreased accessions and separations in small relative to big firms, especially for women. Moreover, consistent with our model, we find evidence that the increase in dismissal costs had smaller effects on turnover for women in sectors faced with strict product market regulations.
Keywords: Barriers to Entry; Costs of Unjust Dismissals; European Unemployment
JEL Codes: E24; J63; J65; L11; L43
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| Increased dismissal costs (J63) | Decline in accessions (men) (H56) |
| Increased dismissal costs (J63) | Decline in accessions (women) (I24) |
| Increased dismissal costs (J63) | Decline in separations (men) (J12) |
| Increased dismissal costs (J63) | Decline in separations (women) (J12) |
| Higher entry costs (D49) | Mitigation of impact of dismissal costs on employment dynamics (J65) |