Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP4134
Authors: Jordi Gal; Mark Gertler; Jos David López-Salido
Abstract: In this Paper we present a simple, theory-based measure of the variations in aggregate economic efficiency that is based on the difference between the marginal product of labour and the household?s consumption/leisure trade-off. We show that this indicator corresponds to the inverse of the mark-up of price over social marginal cost and give some evidence in support of this interpretation. We then show that this indicator may be used to measure the efficiency costs of business fluctuations. We find that the efficiency costs of fluctuations are modest on average. The major recessions involve significant welfare losses, however, even after netting out the gains from the preceding boom. These results hold for reasonable parameterizations of both the Frisch elasticity of labour supply and the coefficient of relative risk aversion.
Keywords: business cycles; countercyclical markups; welfare costs
JEL Codes: E32
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| inefficiency gap (D61) | markup (Y60) |
| markup (Y60) | inefficiency gap (D61) |
| employment below natural level (E24) | efficiency costs (D61) |
| employment above natural level (E24) | efficiency costs (D61) |